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qweather fullTextInd:y
categorymagazine
encodingjson
includeworkversions

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        "title" : "But Will Apia Weather The Weather? (1 September 1961)",
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                "title" : [ "But Will Apia Weather The Weather? (1 September 1961)" ],
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                  "value" : "But Will Apia Weather The Weather? West Samoans lately have been taking a close look at Apia weather records in the hope of getting a clue about the state of the weather next January 1 to 5 —the days when West Samoa’s independence ence celebrations will be going ing on at full pelt. Their conclusions: The chance of getting even one fine day in this period is one in six. The celebrations could be a washout meteorologically ally speaking anyhow. Since 1944, the average rainfall fall per day during the fiveday day period in question has been .63 inches. On January 5, 1944, Apia received more than four inches of rain, with a total of more than seven inches over the five days. Apia’s weekly Samoana reported ported in August that when the festivities were being planned on a high level the argument that the whole spirit of the celebrations would be lost if they did not take place at the time of granting of independence and that God would take care of the weather, won. There had been considerable opposition by those who felt it would be better to hold the greater part of the celebrations in June when the weather was almost certain to be fine. Samoana commented that many Samoans predicted the organisers were “just inviting a flop.”",
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        "title" : "WEATHER INDIOATIONS. (1 January 1916)",
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                  "value" : "WEATHER INDIOATIONS. Fine. — lf the Barometer rises gradually the weather will set fine for at least a few days. A fine day follows a red sunset, set, a grey sky in the morning, or a dewy night. A lightishblue blue sky indicates continued fine weather. Rainv> —A steadily falling Barometer means that rain is near • A rapid rise of the Barometer in wet weather foreshows more rain after a fine day or two. Other signs of rain are a red sunrise. rise. yellowish sky, dull heavy clouds, bright twinkling stars, variable winds, clear distinct landscape, still, close atmosphere, .falling smoke, troublesome flies, and low flight of birds. North winds and oppressive heat generally precede rain in summer. Unsettled nd Stormy.” A halo, or corona, or a large or small luminous ring around the sun or moon, bright yellow or golden sunset with reddish tint in the east, driving scud, deep blue sky, how ling wind, and emission of a flaring jet from burning wood; also a rapid rising and falling of the Barometer. Hot Winds.— When the Barometer falls while the Thermometer meter rises, hot winds may be expected. Dusky fibrous clouds in the western horizon at sunset are a sure sign of hot north winds next day. Clouds. — Fibrous, streaky, or spray-like clouds, termed 'Cirrhus, are the precursors of wind. Dark clouds with white tops, termed Cumulus, are indicative of thunderstorms or showers. Wavy or mottled clouds, streams of light radiating from the sun, or dark clouds in the western horizon at sunset, portend rain- Broken white clouds generally mean dry weather- When the clouds disperse before the sun or moon, or keep it -obscured, rain is near. Haze around the horizon in summer indicates that the atmosphere is heavily charged with moisture, and heavy rains in some parts will soon follow. Rainbows. — A morning rainbow foretells showers during the day; an evening rainbow may be followed by light showers during the night, but generally it will be fine next day. fogs.— Fogs denote that both the soil and the atmosphere are charged with moisture, and that the temperature is greatest est nearest the surface. A fine afternoon generally follows a foggy morning. Fogs are rare either in dry seasons or dry localities. Aneroid Barometer.— 27-28 ins., stormy; 23-29, rain; 29-30, change; 30-31. fine; above 31, very dry. Approaching changes are shown less by the height of the Barometer than by its rise and fall:-“Longforetold long last, Fast rise after low, Short notice soon past; Foretells stronger blow ” A low Barometer indicates north winds; very low, westerly winds ; and the lowest, north west winds, which are monsoona] soona] or true tropical. A high Barometer indicates south winds ; and the highest, south-east winds, which are Antarctic or true polar. A sudden fall of the Barometer in summer foretells a sudden den change of the wind to the south, or south-west, with violent storm ; a very sudden fall precedes a thunderstorm.",
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                  "value" : "COME WIND, COME WEATHER How to Make a Weather Vane By JAMES PICKERINC IHAD always regarded the weather vane as a mere affectation in modern life, smacking somewhat what of the “arty crafty” attitude, until I came to live next door to a man who owned one. It is true that I harbored a sneaking affection for the gay little roosters or the austere arrows swivelling in the wind, but the utilitarian point of view escaped me. Nowadays I know better. The significance of a northerly wind; or the rain following an easterly; no longer is lost on me. I can pick the best positions for hanging out the washing, and I know when to expect the chimney to smoke. And my neighbor, rejoicing in all these things, rejoices also in possessing sessing one of those little features which help to give a character of its own to the home beautiful. A farming friend’s request for a vane a little above the ordinary “bit o’ tin on a stick” has prompted the writing of this article. As is often the case, the only difference between a satisfactory piece of work and a commonplace job lies in the design. There is little more work in the better article—but far more thought. The first consideration should be for the actual mechanical aspect—the “works”. The most important tant part of these is the pivot, and this in turn depends on the support. This latter is a piece of mild steel seven sixteenths of an inch in diameter. Brass is preferable as it can be more easily soldered and is rust resistant. Various means for attaching the lower end to the pole or building will be dealt with below. The top end has a conical depression made in it by means of a quarter inch drill. Take care that this is drilled in the exact centre. Next take an eight inch length of half-inch conduit or other similar light tubing, and plug one end for a distance of one inch. This can be accomplished either by driving a tight fitting piece of metal rod, (in which case drill a conical hole in its lower end, similar to that in the upper end of the support) or by covering the end with clay and pouring molten lead down the tube. When the vane is assembled, a steel ball threeeighths eighths of an inch in diameter covered with vaseline is placed on top of the support, and the tube lowered over it, thus producing a very free-running ball bearing pivot. The pointer itself can take innumerable forms. The cock is traditional in England, whereas older generations of Americans seem to have preferred a running horse. Fish are not uncommon, and of recent years a scenic trend has been observed— again in America. Whatever is used, two conditions must be fulfilled. The area of the vane must be very much greater at one end, which is better longer than the other, and the two ends must approximately mately balance in weight. This latter balance is only to decrease friction at the bearing, and is often disregarded, but attention to it will result in a better running vane, and is well worth while. This is accomplished by weighting the smaller end with lead. Indeed it would not be too much to make the pointer from a sheet of lead if this will give the necessary balance. The rod itself can be of quarter-inch round mild steel. For a more substantial job it would be as well to use 5-16 in. steel rod. It passes through the plug above the bearing, and is soldered in place. I have drawn a number of suitable designs on the page containing taining the diagrams. These are “squared-up” to allow them to be enlarged easily. Cut them out of stout black or galvanised iron. This is best worked with an ordinary fretsaw fitted with a metal-cutting blade. As an alternative method use tinsnips and a cold chisel, finishing off with a file. In either case a punch will make most of the holes necessary. The flimsier pieces may be reinforced by soldering a piece of stout wire along both sides—for example along the leg of the rooster. Attach the cut-out shapes to the quarter-inch rod by soldering along their entire length, and by slitting the end of the rod to allow the insertion of a lug which you will leave projecting from the tin. A very superior job can be made by using copper or brass sheet instead of iron, and brass rod and tube instead of mild steel and conduit. In time this assumes a beautiful green patina, but at the time of writing it is difficult to obtain copper. I merely mention it for the handyman who will turn this article up in his file of the “Home Beautiful” in the distant future! It is not necessary to fit the vane with the direction tion indicators, but since we are making our vane with at least one eye to its decorative value, they should be included. They consist of the letters N. S. E. W., cut from iron and mounted on the ends of shorter rods, which in turn are attached to the supporting rod. These smaller rods could be quarterinch inch diameter mild steel, ten inches long. They are best held in place by two special washers, as illustrated; trated; one above and one below. The enthusiast will perhaps add curly brackets—but don’t overdo them. The letters may be fixed to the sides or the ends of the rods. The final consideration is the means of attaching to the building. If the vane is for the top of a flag or wireless pole, simply drill a seven-sixteenth inch hole vertically down through the top and drive the supporting rod home. Alternatively, for those who wish to make a first-class vane, the supporting rod could be screwed into a metal base, which could be firmly screwed on to the cap on the top of the pole. On the other hand if it is to be attached to the end or side of a building, drill two or three quarter-inch holes in the rod and countersink them for wood screws. A mounting for a ridge may be made by splitting a piece of waterpipe pipe of a size to take the rod firmly, and bending and drilling as shown. Black gas piping, if obtainable able would be easier to bend and would not be so liable to fracture. If your vane is of iron, give it two coats of some good black paint of the kind suitable for metals— not ordinary house paint, unless nothing better is obtainable. Black is better than a color. It takes the weather well, and emphasises the silhouette against the sky, whereas the use of color merely breaks up the outline and detracts from the effect. On the other hand a copper vane should be left severely alone. Nothing you can do to it will compare pare with the lovely surface that time and weather imparts. You have smeared the ball bearing with vaseline line or car grease, and a further smear around the support where the tube touches it should afford all the lubrication needed for many years. When more grease is needed the vane can easily be lifted off. I have left consideration of mechanical vanes— these include propellers, etc., and various novelties in the way of moving figures, until somebody asks for details. They can hardlv be classified as architectural tectural features, coming rather under the heading of toys. TAIL FOR A PLAIN ARROW TWO DESIGNS FOR VANES THE LETTER THE PIVOT HOW THE LETTERS ARE ATTACHED A RIDGE SUPPORT This rooster is an example of a topheavy heavy subject. The famous “Sun Pictorial” torial” bird would be better balanced.",
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                  "value" : "WEATHER INDICATIONS AND TIDES. Definition of Terms.—Changeable means changing from clear sky to cloudy, with fibrous clouds and indications of rain, but generally little or mo rain. Stormy, boisterous winds and gusty show’ers. Fine, no rain, but net necessarily a clear sky all the time. Very hot and sultry weather and north wflnds generally precede rain in summer. Sultriness is therefore fore an indication of approaching rain. It is caused by the sun’s action upon a moist atmosphere, or the approach of heated vapours from the Tropics. When there is a good rainfall little notice is taken of it, but in a drought year every shower is reported and magnified. Bain is measured by a gauge, and the values given represent the depth of water which would have accumulated on a level piece of ground if none ©f the rain which fell could escape by drainage or evaporation. Weather Wisdom. —Some indications of the weather arc: —A rosy sky at sunset means fine weather, in the morning strong wind. A high dawn also indicates wind, a low dawn fine weather. Hard-edged, oily looking clouds also indicate wind, and generally the softer the clouds look the less wind there will be. Soft clouds, however, are generally forerunners of rain. Light, delicate-tinted clouds at great heights mean always fine weather; gaudy, strong coloured clouds at low heights mean wind and rain. Owls and other night-birds are “noisy” before fine weather, and sea-birds fly out early and far; parrots are “noisy” before rain, and long-flighted birds, e.g., rooks and swallows, hang about home and fly up and down near the ground. Sugar hardens before frost or fine weather, and gets soft before rain or snow. The Tides. —The tides follow the moon around the world. Spring, or the highest, tides happen at new and full moons. At new moon th© moon is between the sun and the earth, and at full moon the earth is between the sun and the moon. Neap, or the lowest, tides happen when the moon is at right angles to the meridian of the sun and the earth, or at first and last quarters. The highest spring tides are at the equinoxes, when the sun is directly over the equator. It is, therefore, probable that the moon’s power of attraction may be. like its light, derived from the sun. In that case the sun would be the real cause of the tides. The progress of the tide round the gobe causes the sea to rise at each place for about six hours. This is called the flow of the tide. For about the next six hours it falls, or ebbs. Thus the tide flows and ebbs twice in about 24 hours. It is, however, so affected by winds and other causes that the actual and computed times of high water occasionally differ to the extent of three hours: while at some ports (for instance, Normanton, on the Gulf of Carpentaria) there is only one tide in 24 hours, which during the south-east monsoons frequently fails altogether gether for three or four days. Tide tables are not, therefore, very reliable. The tides are about 50 minutes later each succeeding day. Weather Indications. —If the barometer rises gradually it will be fine for at least a few days. A falling barometer indicates north wind, followed by rain; a sudden fall, a thunderstorm or violent storm; and a rapid rise, more rain after one fine day. A light-blue sky indicates continued fine weather; and a bright-blue sky, unsettled conditions. A fine day follows a red sunset, a grey sky in the morning, or a dewy night. Fibrous clouds, or cirrus, precede wind. A halo, or corona, round the sun or moon is followed by stormy weather. Dusky fibrous clouds in th© west at sunset indicate a warm north wind next day. If sunset is obscured by dark clouds there will be rain next day. Wave-like cloud© portend rain; broken white clouds, dry weather. Climate.—An important feature in the constitution of the climate of a country is its rainfall. As a rule, more rain falls on sea coasts and islands than in inland districts, among mountains and hills than on level country, and in the Tropics than in higher latitudes.",
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                  "value" : "WEATHER INDICATIONS AND TIDES. Definition of Terms.—Changeable means changing from clear sky to cloudy with fibrous clouds and indications of rain, but generally little or no rain Stormy, boisterous winds and gusty showers. Fine, no ram, but not necessarily a clear sky all the time. Very hot and sultry weather and north winds generally precede rain in summer. Sultriness is therefore fore an indication of approaching rain. It is caused by the sun s action upon a moist atmosphere, or the approach of heated vapours from the Tropics. When there is a good rainfall little notice is taken of it, but in a drought year every shower is reported and magnified. Rain is measured by a gauge, and the values given represent the depth of water which would have accumulated on a level piece of ground it none of the rain which fell could escape by drainage or evaporation. Weather Wisdom. —Some indications of the weather are:—A rosy sky at sunset means fine weather, in the morning strong wind. A high dawn also indicates wind, a low dawn fine weather. Hard-edged oily looking clouds also indicate wind, and generally the softer the clouds look the less wind there will be. Soft clouds, however, are generally forerunners of rain. Light, delicate-tinted clouds at great heights mean always fine weather; gaudy, strong coloured clouds at low heights mean wind and rain. Owls and other night-birds are “noisy .before fine weather, and sea-birds fly out early and far; parrots are noisy before rain, and long-flighted birds, e.g., rooks and swallows, hang about home and fly up and down near the ground. Sugar hardens before frost or fine weather, and gets soft before rain or snow. The Tides. —The tides follow the moon around the world. Spring, or the highest, tides happen at new and full moons At new moon the moon is between the sun and the earth, and at full moon the earth i« between the sun and the moon. Neap, or the tides when the moon is at right angles to the meridian of the sun and the earth, or at first and last quarters. The highest spring tides are at the equinoxes, when the sun is directly over the equator It is, therefore, probable that the moon’s power of attraction may be, llke lts derived from the sun. In that case the sun would be the real cause of the tides The progress of the tide round the globe causes the sea to rise at each place for about six hours. This is called the flow of the t>d. For about the next six hours it falls or ebbs. Thus the tide flows and ebbs twice in about 24 hours. It is, however so affectedl by wind, and other causes that the actual and computed times of high‘ Water occasionally differ to the extent of three hours; while at some ports (for instance, Normanton, on the Gulf of Carpentaria) there is only- one tide in 24 hours, which during the south-east monsoons frequently fails altogether gether for three or four days. Tide tables are not, therefore, very reliable. The tides are about 50 minutes later each succeeding day. Weather Indications.-If the barometer rises gradually it will be find for nt least a few days. A falling barometer indicates north wind, followed by rain; a sudden fall, a thunderstorm or violent storm; and a rapid rise more rain after one flue day. A light-blue sky indicate, continued fine weather; and a bright-blue sky, unsettled conditions A fine day follows a red sunset, a grey sky in the *“*«> \" * Fibrous clouds, or cirrus, precede wind. A halo, or coro a, sun or moon is followed by stormy weather. Dusky fibrous clouds in th. wMt -it sunset indicate a warm north wind next day. If sunset is obscured b\"y dark clouds there will be rain next day. Wave-Hke cloud, portend rain; broken white clouds, dry weather. , Climate.—An important feature in the constitution of the climatej of a country is its rainfall. As a rule, more ram falls ?\" B<>a C ’ a3 ‘ B )e “l islands than in inland districts, among mountains and hills than on level country, and in the Tropics than in higher latitudes.",
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                  "value" : "HERSCHEL’S WEATHER TABLE, FOR FORETELLING- THE WEATHER THROUGHOUT EACH YEAR, FOR EVER. This table, and the accompanying remarks, are the resiilt of manj 3 ears obser vation, the whole being constructed on a due consideration of the attraction cf the Sun and Moon, in their several positions respecting the Earth, anf } 'Y l 1 1; j inspection, show the observer what kind of weather will most l entrance of the Moon into any of its quarters, and that so near the truth as to be seldom or never found to fail. Observations. —1. The nearer the time of the Moon’s change, first quarter, full and last quarter are to midnight, the fairer will be the weather dur s«en davs 2. The space for this calculation occupies from ten at night till two next morning. 3. The nearer to midday or noon the phases of the Moon happens, the more foul or wet weather may be expected during the next seven days 4. The space for this calculation occupies from ten in the formioonto two in These observations refer principally to the summer, though they affect spring and autumn nearly in the same ratio. 5. The Moon’s change, first quarter, full, and last quarter happening during six of the afternoon hours ,i.e . from four to ten may be followed by fair weather; but this is mostly dependent on the wind, as is noted in the table. 6. Though the weather, from a variety of irregular causes, is more uncertain in the iatter part of autumn, the whole of winter, and beginning of spring yet in the main the above observations will apply to those periods also. 7. To prognosticate correctly, where the wind is concerned, a vane should be in Slght ' WEATHER INDICATIONS. Sunset Colours.— A grey, lowering sunset, or one where the sky is green or yellowish green, indicates rain. A red sunrise, with clouds lowering later in the ra SK?“ir% r ‘wo « mean the la W e e.rc.e,, or pa,t. »< circle,, about the sun or moon. A halo occurring after fine weather indicates a storm. Corona.— By this term we mean the small coloured circles frequently seen the sun or moon. A corona growing smaller indicates ram; growing larger, —A morning rainbow is regarded as a sign of rain ;an evening rainbow, Colour. —A deep blue colour of the sky, even when seen through clouds, indicates fair weather; a growing whiteness, an approaching storm. pi 0G _ Fogs indicate settled weather. A morning fog usually breaks away before Unusual clearness of the atmosphere, unusual brightness or twinkling of the stars, indicate rain. . . , A Ot ouds In observing clouds we observe their kinds, motions, and outlines. The clouds frequently called “mares’ tails” we term Cirrhi. They are marked by their light texture, fibrous and sundered as in the “ mare’s tail, or interlacing as in the S far-snreading white cloud, which produces the halo. Small, regularlyformed formed o-roups of these clouds are frequently seen in fair and settled weather. The Cirrhi are also the clouds on the forepart of the storm. In this case they are_usu ally more abundant, their outline is very ragged, and they generally blend into a.white, far-reaching cloud-bank. The cloud well known as cotton bales, or thunder heads,” we term cumulus. When they appear during the heat of the day and pass IT New Moon, First Quarter, Full Moon or Last. Quarter, happens lx Summer. IX WlXTSR. between midnight. arid 2 o'clock 2 anil 1, morning „ 4 and« „ •» „ it and S * • „ 8 and 10 .. „ 10 and 12 „ 12 and 2, afternoon „ 2 and 4 „ 4 and fi „ t- ,, 6 and 8 „ n 8 and 10 „ „ 10 and midnight Fair . Cold aud showers .. Haiti Wind and rain Changeable Frequent showers- Very rainy Changeable Fair .. .. Fair, if wind N.W, Rainy, if B. or S.W. Fair Frost, unless wind S.W. Snowy and stormy. Hain. Stormy. Cold rain if wind YS\\, snow if F. Cold and hlirh wind. Snow or rain. Fair and mild. Fair. Fair and frosty, if wind N. or N.E. Rain or snow, if S. or S.W. Fair and frosty. away in the evening, continued fair weather may be expected. When they increase with rapidity, sink into the lower part of the atmosphere, and remain as the evening approaches, rain is at hand. If loose patches appear thrown out from their surfaces, showers may be expected. The clouds usually seen after nightfall, lying in one horizontal plane, and not of great extent, are attendant on fine weather. Small, black, inky clouds and dark scud indicate rain. Barometer.— ln using the barometer, we should notice whether it be greatly above or below the mean height, and the rapidity of its rise or fall. If it be higher and steady, continued fair, though not cloudless, weather may be expected. If it be lower and falling, rain, or at least damp, cloudy weather, is at hand. A rapid rise or fall (greater than 0.01 inch per hour) indicates continued unsettled weather and much wind.",
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        "title" : "WEATHER INDICATIONS AND TIDES. (1 January 1938)",
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                  "value" : "WEATHER INDICATIONS AND TIDES. Definition of Terms.—Changeable means changing from char sky to cloudy, with fibrous clouds and indications of rail.', but generally little or no rain. Stormy, boisterous winds and gusty showers. Fine, no rain, but not necessarily a clear sky all the time. Very hot and sultry weather and north winds generally precede rain in summer. Sultriness is therefore fore an indication of approaching rain. It is caused by the sun’s action upon a moist atmosphere, or the approach of heated vapours from the Tropics. When there is a good rainfall little notice is taken of it, but in a drought year every shower is reported and magnified. Rain is measured by a gauge, and the values given represent the depth of water which would have accumulated on a level piece of ground if none of the rain which fell could escape by drainage or evaporation. Weather Wisdom. —Some indications of the weather are: —A rosy sky at sunset means fine weather, in the morning strong wind. A high dawn also indicates wind, a low dawn fine weather. Hard-edged, oily looking clouds also indicate w’ind, and generally the softer the clouds look the less wind there will be. Soft clouds, however, are generally forerunners of rain. Light, delicate-tinted clouds at great heights mean always fine weather; gaudy, strong coloured clouds at low heights mean wind and rain. Owls and other night-birds are “noisy” before fine weather, and sea-birds fly out early and far; parrots are “noisy” before rain, and long-flighted birds, e.g., rooks and swallows, hang about home and fly up and down near the ground.- Sugar hardens before frost or fine weather, and gets soft before rain or snow. The Tides. —The tides follow the moon around the world. Spring, or the highest, tides happen at new and full moons. At new moon the moon is between the sun and the earth, and at full moon the earth i» between the sun and the moon. Neap, or the lowest, tides happen when the moon is at right angles to the meridian of the sun and the earth, or at first and last quarters. The highest spring tides are at the equinoxes, when the sun is directly over the equator. It is, therefore, probable that the moon’s power of attraction may be. like its light, derived from the sun. In that case the sun would be the real cause of the tides. The progress of the tide round the g'obe causes the sea to rise at each place for about six hours. This is called the flow of the tide. For about the next six hours it falls, or ebbs. Thus the tide flows and ebbs twice in about 24 hours. It is, however, so affected by winds and other causes that the actual and computed times of high water occasionally differ to the extent of three hours: while at some ports (for instance, Normanton, on the Gulf of Carpentaria) there is only one tide in 24 hours, which during the south-east monsoons frequently fails altogether gether for three or four days. Tide tables are not, therefore, very reliable. Tl ? tides are about 50 minutes later each succeeding day. Weather Indications. —If the barometer rises gradually it will be fine for at least a few days. A falling barometer indicates north wind, followed by rain; a sudden fall, a thunderstorm or violent storm; and •a rapid rise, more rain after one fine day. A light-blue sky indicate* ■continued fine weather; and a bright-blue sky, unsettled conditions. A fine day folloivs a red sunset, a grey sky in the morning, or a dewy night. Fibrous clouds, or cirrus, precede wind. A halo, or corona, round the min or moon is followed by stormy weather. Dusky fibrous clouds in the west at sunset indicate a warm north wind next day. If sunset is obscured by dark clouds there will be rain next day. Wave-like cloud* portend rain; broken white clouds, dry weather. Climate. —An important feature in the constitution of the climate of a country is its rainfall. As a rule, more rain falls on sea coasts and islands than in inland districts, among mountains and hills than on level country, and in the Tropics than in higher latitudes.",
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                  "type" : "issue"
                }, {
                  "value" : "xra",
                  "type" : "placeOfPub"
                } ],
                "rights" : [ ],
                "freeToRead" : [ ],
                "viewcopy" : [ ]
              }
            },
            "metadataSource" : {
              "value" : "ANL:DL",
              "type" : "nuc"
            }
          } ],
          "type" : [ "Article", "Article/Journal or magazine article" ],
          "issued" : [ "1934-01-01" ],
          "holdingsCount" : 1
        } ]
      }, {
        "id" : "249390147",
        "url" : "https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/work/249390147",
        "troveUrl" : "https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/249390147",
        "title" : "WEATHER INDICATIONS AND TIDES. (1 January 1933)",
        "contributor" : [ "Giddons, J. Harcourt. 12012 10735003-adeb-5bb6-9ddc-4a24edec8a3e" ],
        "issued" : "1933",
        "type" : [ "Article/Journal or magazine article", "Article" ],
        "isPartOf" : [ {
          "value" : "The Commonwealth weather forecaster and almanac for land and sea : containing reliable forecasts for ..."
        } ],
        "snippet" : [ "<b>WEATHER</b> INDICATIONS AND TIDES. (1 January 1933)", "<b>WEATHER</b> INDICATIONS AND TIDES. Definition of Terms.—Changeable means changing from clear sky to", " sultry <b>weather</b> and north winds generally precede rain in summer. Sultriness is therefore fore an" ],
        "hasCorrections" : "N",
        "relevance" : {
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          "value" : "very relevant"
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        "holdingsCount" : 1,
        "versionCount" : 1,
        "identifier" : [ {
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          "linktype" : "thumbnail",
          "value" : "https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-3010889433-t"
        }, {
          "type" : "url",
          "linktype" : "fulltext",
          "value" : "https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-3020360713"
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        "version" : [ {
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            "metadata" : {
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                "abstract" : [ ],
                "title" : [ "WEATHER INDICATIONS AND TIDES. (1 January 1933)" ],
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                  "value" : "article",
                  "type" : "category"
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                  "value" : "Journals",
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                  "value" : "Magazines",
                  "type" : "category"
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                "alternative" : [ ],
                "creator" : [ {
                  "name" : "Giddons, J. Harcourt. 12012 10735003-adeb-5bb6-9ddc-4a24edec8a3e"
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                "contributor" : [ ],
                "issued" : [ ],
                "description" : [ {
                  "value" : "WEATHER INDICATIONS AND TIDES. Definition of Terms.—Changeable means changing from clear sky to cloudy, with fibrous clouds and indications of rain, but generally little or no rain. Stormy, boisterous winds and gusty showers. Fine, no rain, but not necessarily a clear sky all the time. Very hot and sultry weather and north winds generally precede rain in summer. Sultriness is therefore fore an indication of approaching rain. It is caused by the sun’s action upon a moist atmosphere, or the approach of heated vapours from the Tropics. When there is a good rainfall little notice is taken of it, but in a drought year every shower is reported and magnified. Rain is measured by a gauge, and the values given represent the depth of water which would have accumulated on a level piece of ground if none of the rain which fell could escape by drainage or evaporation. Weather Wisdom. —Some indications of the weather are:—A rosy sky at sunset means fine weather, in the morning strong wind. A high dawn also indicates wind, a low dawn fine weather. Hard-edged, oily looking clouds also indicate wind, and generally the softer the clouds look the less wind there will be. Soft clouds, however, are generally forerunners of rain. Light, delicate-tinted clouds at great heights mean always fine weather; gaudy, strong coloured clouds at low 7 heights mean wind and rain. Owds and other night-birds are “noisy” before fine weather, and sea-birds fly out early and far; parrots are “noisy” before rain, and long-flighted birds, e.g., rooks and swallows, hang about home and fly up and down near the ground. Sugar hardens before frost or fine weather, and gets soft before rain or snow. The Tides. —The tides follow’ the moon around the world. Spring, or the highest, tides happen at new and full moons. At new moon the moon is between the sun and the earth, and at full moon the earth is betw'een the sun and the moon. Neap, or the lowest, tides happen w’hen the moon is at right angles to the meridian of the sun and the earth, or at first and last quarters. The highest spring tides are at \"the equinoxes, when the sun is directly over the equator. It is, therefore, probable that the moon’s power of attraction may be, like its light, derived from the sun. In that case the sun would be the real cause of the tides. The progress of the tide round the globe causes the sea to rise at each place for about six hours. This is called the flow of the tide. For about the next six hours it falls, or ebbs. Thus the tide flows and ebbs twice in about 24 hours. It is, however, so affected by winds and other causes that the actual and computed times of high water occasionally differ to the extent of three hours; while at some ports (for instance, Normanton, on the Gulf of Carpentaria) there is only one tide in 24 hours, which during the south-east monsoons frequently fails altogether gether for three or four days. Tide tables are not, therefore, very reliable. The tides are about 50 minutes later each succeeding day. Weather Indications. —If the barometer rises gradually it w’ill be fine for at least a few’ days. A falling barometer indicates north wind, followed by rain; a sudden fall, a thunderstorm or violent storm; and a rapid rise, more rain after one fine day. A light-blue sky indicates continued fine weather; and a bright-blue sky, unsettled conditions. A fine day follow’s a red sunset, a grey sky in the morning, or a dewy night. Fibrous clouds, or cirrus, precede wind. A halo, or corona, round the sun or moon is followed by stormy weather. Dusky fibrous clouds in the w’est at sunset indicate a warm north wind next day. If sunset is obscured by dark clouds there will be rain next day. Wave-like clouds portend rain; broken white clouds, dry weather. Climate.—An important feature in the constitution of the climate of a country is its rainfall. As a rule, more rain falls on sea coasts and islands than in inland districts, among mountains and hills than on level country, and in the Tropics than in higher latitudes.",
                  "type" : "open_fulltext"
                } ],
                "date" : [ "1933-01-01" ],
                "coverage" : [ ],
                "subject" : [ "Weather forecasting--Australia--Periodicals.", "Weather forecasting--New Zealand--Periodicals.", "New Zealand--Climate--Periodicals.", "Australia--Climate--Periodicals.", "Australian" ],
                "format" : [ "Journal" ],
                "extent" : [ "708 words" ],
                "audience" : [ ],
                "language" : [ {
                  "value" : "English"
                } ],
                "temporal" : [ ],
                "publisher" : [ "s.n.]" ],
                "references" : [ ],
                "relation" : [ ],
                "medium" : [ ],
                "licenseRef" : [ ],
                "identifier" : [ {
                  "linktype" : "fulltext",
                  "value" : "https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-3020360713"
                }, {
                  "value" : "551.65905 (DDC)"
                }, {
                  "linktype" : "notonline",
                  "linktext" : "View more information about this journal in the National Library of Australia's Catalogue",
                  "value" : "https://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn748738"
                }, {
                  "linktype" : "notonline",
                  "linktext" : "Browse other digitised issues of The Commonwealth weather forecaster and almanac for land and sea : containing reliable forecasts for ...",
                  "value" : "https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-2979142852"
                }, {
                  "linktype" : "thumbnail",
                  "value" : "https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-3010889433-t"
                } ],
                "spatial" : [ {
                  "value" : "u-nz",
                  "scheme" : "http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/geographicAreas"
                }, {
                  "value" : "Australia New Zealand"
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                "isPartOf" : [ {
                  "value" : "39187",
                  "type" : "projectId"
                }, {
                  "value" : "The Commonwealth weather forecaster and almanac for land and sea : containing reliable forecasts for ...",
                  "type" : "publication"
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                  "value" : "(1933)"
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                "bibliographicCitation" : [ {
                  "value" : "8",
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                }, {
                  "value" : "1933-01-01",
                  "type" : "dateIssued"
                }, {
                  "value" : "(1933)",
                  "type" : "issue"
                }, {
                  "value" : "xra",
                  "type" : "placeOfPub"
                } ],
                "rights" : [ ],
                "freeToRead" : [ ],
                "viewcopy" : [ ]
              }
            },
            "metadataSource" : {
              "value" : "ANL:DL",
              "type" : "nuc"
            }
          } ],
          "type" : [ "Article", "Article/Journal or magazine article" ],
          "issued" : [ "1933-01-01" ],
          "holdingsCount" : 1
        } ]
      }, {
        "id" : "233723118",
        "url" : "https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/work/233723118",
        "troveUrl" : "https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/233723118",
        "title" : "Wanted: Weather Spotters (1 September 1997)",
        "contributor" : [ "Bush Fire Council of New South Wales", "By Ken Batt of the NSW Severe Weather Section\nBureau of Meteorology" ],
        "issued" : "1997",
        "type" : [ "Article/Journal or magazine article", "Article" ],
        "isPartOf" : [ {
          "value" : "Bush fire bulletin.",
          "url" : "https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/work/6484620"
        } ],
        "snippet" : [ "Wanted: <b>Weather</b> Spotters (1 September 1997)", "Wanted: <b>Weather</b> Spotters By Ken Batt of the NSW Severe <b>Weather</b> Section Bureau of Meteorology Did" ],
        "hasCorrections" : "N",
        "relevance" : {
          "score" : 16.876148223876953,
          "value" : "very relevant"
        },
        "holdingsCount" : 1,
        "versionCount" : 1,
        "identifier" : [ {
          "type" : "url",
          "linktype" : "thumbnail",
          "value" : "https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-285769016-t"
        }, {
          "type" : "url",
          "linktype" : "fulltext",
          "value" : "https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-292238053"
        } ],
        "version" : [ {
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            },
            "metadata" : {
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                "title" : [ "Wanted: Weather Spotters (1 September 1997)" ],
                "type" : [ {
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                  "type" : "category"
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                  "value" : "Journals",
                  "type" : "category"
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                  "name" : "Bush Fire Council of New South Wales."
                } ],
                "contributor" : [ {
                  "value" : "By Ken Batt of the NSW Severe Weather Section\nBureau of Meteorology"
                } ],
                "issued" : [ ],
                "description" : [ {
                  "value" : "Wanted: Weather Spotters By Ken Batt of the NSW Severe Weather Section Bureau of Meteorology Did you know that the insured loss for major severe thunderstorm events in Australia over the past 30 years was at least $2.3 billion and that losses in NSW accounted for around 66% of this total? This highlights just how important the role of spotters is to our warning service. The most costly severe thunderstorm in Australian history devastated Sydney’s West on 18 March 1990, with insured losses exceeding $373 million. The Northern suburbs storm on 21 January 1991 saw $219 million in losses. The 1996-97 storm season was a fairly active one. The majority of the 76 storms reported occurred over central and northern parts of the State. Of the total number of severe storms reported, 27% produced large to giant hail, 38% produced wind gusts equal to or greater than 90 km/h, 34% produced very heavy rain and flash flooding and 1 % produced a tornado or two. We would like to thank all spotters for contributing to the warning and advice service. We often add spotter reports to the warnings and advisories sent to the emergency services and media during storm events to add weight to our messages. Phone your report to our FREECALL number 1800 060 292",
                  "type" : "open_fulltext"
                } ],
                "date" : [ "1997-09-01" ],
                "coverage" : [ ],
                "subject" : [ "Wildfires--New South Wales--Prevention and control--Periodicals.", "Australian" ],
                "format" : [ "Journal" ],
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                "publisher" : [ "Bush Fire Council of N.S.W." ],
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                  "linktype" : "notonline",
                  "linktext" : "View more information about this journal in the National Library of Australia's Catalogue",
                  "value" : "https://nla.gov.au/nla.cat-vn1596873"
                }, {
                  "linktype" : "notonline",
                  "linktext" : "Browse other digitised issues of Bush fire bulletin.",
                  "value" : "https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-284283986"
                }, {
                  "linktype" : "thumbnail",
                  "value" : "https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-285769016-t"
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                "spatial" : [ {
                  "value" : "New South Wales"
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                  "value" : "u-at-ne",
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                } ],
                "isPartOf" : [ {
                  "value" : "Bush fire bulletin.",
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                  "value" : "Vol. 19 No. 3, (September, 1997)"
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                "bibliographicCitation" : [ {
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                  "value" : "1033-7598",
                  "type" : "issn"
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                "rights" : [ ],
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          "type" : [ "Article", "Article/Journal or magazine article" ],
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}
        

Version 3 of the API was made available in July 2023. For more information about the changes made in version 3 see the official release notes. I've also created a summary of breaking changes for users wanting to update their code from version 2 to version 3.

Examples

Click on any of the examples below to open them in this console, then modify them to suit. If you want to use them in your own code you'll need to get an API key and add the key to your request either using the key parameter, or setting X-API-KEY in the request headers.

See the Trove API v3 documentation for a full list of available parameters and detailed information on constructing queries.

For more examples, tools, and hacks using the Trove API see the GLAM Workbench.

See the Trove API v3 status page to check for problems.

Basic search

Search all categories

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=all&encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

all

possible values are 'all', 'newspaper', 'magazine', 'image', 'research', 'book', 'diary', 'music', 'people', 'list'

encoding

format of results

json

possible values are 'xml' (default) or 'json'

Search in multiple categories

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=book,newspaper&encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

book,newspaper

separate multiple categorys with commas

encoding

format of results

json

possible values are 'xml' (default) or 'json'

Search in a single category

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json

possible values are 'xml' (default) or 'json'

Change the results format

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json

possible values are 'xml' (default) or 'json'

Change the number of results

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json&n=100

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json

possible values are 'xml' (default) or 'json'

n

number of results

100

possible values are 0 to 100 (default is 20)

Change the sort order

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json&sortby=dateasc

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json

possible values are 'xml' (default) or 'json'

sortby

order of results

dateasc

possible values are 'relevance' (default), 'dateasc', 'datedesc'

Get the full metadata for each record

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json&reclevel=full

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json
reclevel

request additional article metadata

full

Adding reclevel=full adds a number of additional fields to the article metadata, the actual fields added depends on the category. In newspapers and gazettes it adds illustrated, wordCount, correctionCount, tagCount, commentCount, listCount, trovePageUrl, and pdf (which is a link to a PDF of the whole page on which the article is published). In works it adds tagCount, commentCount, and listCount.

Include extra information in each record

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json&include=tags&include=comments

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json

possible values are 'xml' (default) or 'json'

include

include extra information

tags

possible values include 'tags', 'comments', and 'lists'; repeat parameter for multiple values

include

include extra information

comments

possible values include 'tags', 'comments', and 'lists'; repeat parameter for multiple values

The accepted values for the include parameter differ across categorys, but some values, like 'tags' and 'comments', are consistent. Other examples are included below.

Harvesting a complete result set

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json&bulkHarvest=true&s=*

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in

newspaper

you can only harvest from one category at a time, so this must be set to a single category such as 'newspaper'

encoding

format of results

json

possible values are 'xml' (default) or 'json'

bulkHarvest

setting this to 'true' ensures that results will stay in the same order when you request subsequent pages; without it results might be duplicated or missing

true
s

supply a resumption token to get the next page of results

*

use '*' for the first request, then replace with the value of nextStart for subsequent results

Three parameters are important when harvesting a complete result set: category must be set to a single category, bulkHarvest set to 'true', and s must be updated after each request with the value of nextStart. Note that the nextStart value will only appear if there is another page of results to download, so you can use it in your loop as a check to see if you've finished.

Searching newspapers or gazettes

Limit results by article category

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json&l-category=Article

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json
l-category

category to include

Article

see Trove help documentation, or use the category facet for full list of possible values

This parameter can be used multiple times, however, this will behave like an AND query and only those articles in all of the specified categories will be returned. So adding &l-category=Article&l-category=Advertising will return zero results, as no articles are in both the 'Article' and 'Advertising' categories.

Limit results by place of publication

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json&l-state=Victoria

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json
l-state

place in which articles were published

Victoria

possible values are 'ACT', 'International', 'National', 'New South Wales', 'Northern Territory', 'Queensland', 'South Australia', 'Tasmania', 'Victoria'

This parameter can be used multiple times. Unlike the category facet, this will behave like an OR query, returning articles published in any of the specified places. So adding &l-state=Victoria&l-state=ACT will return articles published in either Victoria or the ACT.

Limit results by decade

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json&l-decade=192

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json
l-decade

limit to articles from this decade

192

192 includes the years 1920 to 1929

Limit results by year

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json&l-decade=192&l-year=1924

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json
l-decade

limit to articles from this decade

192
l-year

limit to articles from this year (l-decade must also be set)

1924

limit the results to articles from 1924, the l-decade parameter must be set to 192

Limit results by month

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json&l-decade=192&l-year=1924&l-month=3

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json
l-decade

limit to articles from this decade

192
l-year

limit to articles from this year (l-decade must also be set)

1924

limit the results to articles from 1924

l-month

limit to articles from this month (l-decade and l-year must also be set)

3

limit the results to articles from March 1924, possible values are numbers from 1 to 12

Find articles on a specific page of a newspaper

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=firstpageseq:1&category=newspaper&encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

firstpageseq:1

use the firstpageseq index in the query to specify a page number, firstpageseq:1 will find articles on page 1

category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json

Find newspaper articles within a specific date range

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=date:[1942-10-31T00:00:00Z TO 1942-11-30T00:00:00Z]&category=newspaper&encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

date:[1942-10-31T00:00:00Z TO 1942-11-30T00:00:00Z]

use the date index to specify a date range; the first date in the range is not included in the query, so this example searches for articles from November 1942

category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json

Find newspaper articles from a particular day

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=date:[1942-11-01T00:00:00Z TO 1942-11-02T00:00:00Z]&category=newspaper&encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge date:[1942-11-01T00:00:00Z TO 1942-11-02T00:00:00Z]

use the date index to specify a date range; the first date in the range is not included in the query, so this example searches for articles from 2 November 1942

category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json

Limit to articles with illustrations

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json&l-illustrated=true

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json
l-illustrated

limit to articles with illustrations

true

accepted values are 'true' or 'false'

Limit to articles with photographs

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json&l-illustrated=true&l-illustrationType=Photo

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json
l-illustrated

limit to articles with illustrations

true

accepted values are 'true' or 'false'

l-illustrationType

limit to articles with this type of illustration

Photo

the l-illustrated facet must be set to 'true'; common values include 'Photo', 'Cartoon', 'Map', and 'Illustration', set facet to 'illustrationType' to see all possible values

This parameter can be used multiple times, however, this will behave like an AND query and only those articles with all of the specified illustration types will be returned.

Filter articles by number of words

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json&l-wordCount=<100 Words

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json
l-wordCount

filter by number of words in the article

<100 Words

accepted values are '<100 Words', '100 - 1000 Words', or '1000+ Words'

Limit to articles with tags (or comments)

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge has:tags&category=newspaper&encoding=json&include=tags

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge has:tags

add has:tags to limit to articles with tags; has:comments will similarly limit to articles with comments

category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json
include tags

you need to specifically include tags to see the tag values; change to 'comments' to include any comments

Get the OCRd text for each article

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=newspaper&encoding=json&include=articletext

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json
include

add additional information to the record

articletext

this adds the full OCRd text to the record, other possible values are 'tags', 'comments'

The OCRd text is return as HTML, so depending on you use you might need to strip the tags out.

Get the number of articles in each category

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=%00&category=newspaper&encoding=json&facet=category&n=0

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

%00

'%00' is an empty search, so will return everything

category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json
n 0

we don't need results, just the facets, so we can set n to 0

facet

include facet data

category

break down results by category; see the Trove API documentation for a full list of facets

Get the number of articles per year in a decade

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=%00&category=newspaper&encoding=json&l-decade=192&facet=year&n=0

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

%00

'%00' is an empty search, so will return everything

category

category(ies) to search in (required)

newspaper
encoding

format of results

json
n

number of results

0

we don't need results, just the facets, so we can set n to 0

l-decade

set the decade

192

needs to be set to find the totals by year

facet

include facet data

year

break down results by year in the given decade; see the Trove API documentation for a full list of facets

For more examples using the year facet see Visualise Trove newspaper searches over time in the GLAM Workbench.

Searching other categories

Limit to works with a particular format

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=weather&category=book&encoding=json&l-format=Thesis

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

weather
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

book
encoding

format of results

json
l-format

format or type of work

Thesis

see the Trove help documentation for a list of formats

This parameter can be used multiple times, however, this will behave like an AND query and only those articles in all of the specified formats will be returned.

Exclude works with a particular format

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=weather NOT format:Book &category=image&encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

weather NOT format:Book

by adding NOT format:Book to the query we should filter out books

category

category(ies) to search in (required)

image
encoding

format of results

json

You can use the format index in both the query and as a facet, that means you can say that you don't want works with particular formats. This is handy for filtering out noise.

Limit to works created within a particular date range

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=weather date:[* TO 1900]&category=book&encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

weather date:[* TO 1900]

using the date index you can specify a range of years; use '*' to indicate the earliest or latest possible dates, this example will return all works published in 1900 or before

category

category(ies) to search in (required)

book
encoding

format of results

json

Limit to works with a thumbnail image

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=weather imageInd:thumbnail &category=image&encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

weather imageInd:thumbnail

set imageInd to 'thumbnail' to limit results to works that include a thumbnail link

category

category(ies) to search in (required)

image
encoding

format of results

json

The actual thumbnail link is included in the identifier field with a linktype of 'thumbnail'. To ensure you get all the possible values for identifier you can also add &include=links to your query.

Include metadata from all versions of a work

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=wragge&category=image&encoding=json&include=workversions

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

wragge
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

image
encoding

format of results

json
include

format of results

workversions

include the metadata for each individual version of this work

The way that versions are grouped as works in Trove can be quite confusing. The work level metadata is generally quite consistent, but it can leave out useful metadata that's attached to an individual version. The version metadata is richer, but is also less consistent, so you have to be prepared for some trial and error if you want to extract information from it.

Find works with full text

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=weather fullTextInd:y&category=magazine&encoding=json&include=workversions

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

weather fullTextInd:y

set fullTextInd to 'y' to return only articles with full text

category

category(ies) to search in (required)

magazine
encoding

format of results

json
include workversions

the full text is buried down in the version-level metadata, so you need to add this parameter if you want to actually get to it

The fullTextInd index seems quite misleading as it includes articles from commercial databases where only a truncated sample of the full text is actually available, and electronic legal deposit works where access to the text is restricted. It would seem better to combine this indicator with a search for "nla.obj" or nuc:ANL:DL to try and limit to resources digitised by the NLA and partners.

Limit to articles from a specific digitised journal (using facets)

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=weather&category=magazine&encoding=json&l-title=The bulletin

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

weather
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

magazine
encoding

format of results

json
l-title

limit to this journal title

The bulletin

There's no controlled list of journal titles to use with this facet, so you probably need to get the values from the web interface.

Limit to articles from a specific digitised journal (using identifiers)

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=weather "https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-68375465"&category=magazine&encoding=json&l-format=Article

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

weather "https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-68375465"
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

magazine
encoding

format of results

json
l-format

limit to this format

Article

limit the results to articles so we don't get the records for the periodicals themselves

An alternative to using the title facet is to include the identifier of the parent journal in the q parameter. This is how the Trove Digitised Journals app works.

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?q=rights:Free&category=image&encoding=json&include=workversions

parameter parameter note value value note
q

the search query (optional)

rights:Free

see the Trove help documentation for a full list of possible values for rights

category

category(ies) to search in (required)

image
encoding

format of results

json
l-format

format of work

Photo
include workversions

the rights statements are attached to versions, so to see them you need to ask for the full versions data

This facet only works with records where the copyright status is specified in the record. Some out-of-copyright photographs might be missing from results because their status has not been identified. A search for photos created before 1955 using date[* TO 1954] might find additional out-of-copyright images.

Get facets

Facets break the result set into sections and can provide a useful overview. Note that there are limits on the number of facets returned, so they might not include the whole result set.

Facet results by decade

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?category=all&facet=decade&n=0&encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

all
encoding

format of results

json
facet

facet to return

decade
n

number of results

0

We just want facets, not the list of results.

Facet results by contributor

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/result?category=all&facet=partnerNuc&n=0&encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
category

category(ies) to search in (required)

all
encoding

format of results

json
facet

facet to return

partnerNuc
n

number of results

0

We just want facets, not the list of results.

Contributors are identified by NUC identifiers.

Get individual records

Article or work identifiers are supplied as part of the url rather than as a query parameter. For example, https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/newspaper/41697877 returns the details of the article with the identifier 41697877.

Get a newspaper or gazette article

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/newspaper/41697877?encoding=json&reclevel=full&include=articletext,tags,comments

parameter parameter note value value note
encoding

format of results

json
reclevel

amount of detail in record

full
include

include extra information

articletext,tags,comments

include the OCRd text, as well as any tags or comments, in the record

Get a work record

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/work/1144040?encoding=json&reclevel=full&include=workversions,tags,comments

parameter parameter note value value note
encoding

format of results

json
reclevel

amount of detail in record

full
include

include extra information

workversions,tags,comments

include metadata from all grouped versions, as well as any tags or comments

Get a list

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/list/43805?encoding=json&reclevel=full&include=listitems

parameter parameter note value value note
encoding

format of results

json
reclevel

amount of detail in record

full
include

include extra information

listitems

include details of all items in the list

You only get the brief record version for each of the list items, so to get extra information, such as OCRd text for a newspaper article, you'll have to request each article individually. Also, the list items are not paginated, so if you have a long list this will return a lot of data.

Get newspaper and gazette titles

There's a bug in the API so that a request for newspaper titles also returns the gazette titles. See the GLAM Workbench for a workaround.

Get a list of all newspaper titles

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/newspaper/titles?encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
encoding

format of results

json

Get a list of all gazette titles

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/gazette/titles?encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
encoding

format of results

json

Get a list of newspapers from a particular state

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/newspaper/titles?encoding=json&state=vic

parameter parameter note value value note
encoding

format of results

json
state

limit to this state

vic

possible values are 'nsw', 'act', 'qld', 'tas', 'sa', 'nt', 'wa', 'vic', 'national'

Get the number of issues per year for a particular newspaper

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/newspaper/title/35?encoding=json&include=years

parameter parameter note value value note
encoding

format of results

json
include years

list the years available on Trove, with the number of issues per year

The newspaper identifier is included in the url as indicated. This example will return details of the Sydney Morning Herald which has an identifier of '35'.

Get details of newspaper issues within a date range

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/newspaper/title/35?encoding=json&include=years&range=18420101-18421231

parameter parameter note value value note
encoding

format of results

json
include years

this needs to be included to retrieve the full issue information

range

date range of issues to return

18420101-18421231

dates are in YYYYMMDD format; this example will return details of all issues of the Sydney Morning Herald published in 1842

The issue details include a publication date and a url which redirects to the first page of the issue.

Get magazine and newsletter titles

Although this endpoint is included in the technical documention, as of 23 May 2023 it was returning no results. Hopefully it'll start working soon!

Get a list of all magazine and newsletter titles

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/magazine/titles?encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
encoding

format of results

json

Get Trove contributors

Organisations can be nested under other organisations (as children), this makes the data structure a bit complex.

Get a list of organisations contributing data to Trove

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/contributor?q=&encoding=json

parameter parameter note value value note
q

search query (optional)

leave blank for everything

encoding

format of results

json

Get full details of an organisation contributing to Trove

https://api.trove.nla.gov.au/v3/contributor/ANL?encoding=json&reclevel=full

parameter parameter note value value note
encoding

format of results

json
reclevel

amount of detail to return

full

The organisation's identifier is included in the url as indicated. This example retrieves details for the National Library of Australia, whose identifier is 'ANL'.